Stefan Sagmeister A Graphic Designer And Typographer Essay

Stefan Sagmeister Intro Stefan Sagmeister was born August, 1962 in Austria. Sagmeister is primarily a graphic designer and typographer. He, along with the rest of his small studio Sagmeister Walsh Inc., create; corporate identities, websites, apps, commercials and dabble in film and books. Early Life Sagmeister started out in the world of graphic design at the young age of fifteen, when he worked for Austrian magazine ‘Alphron’. He started out writing pieces for the magazine, but soon came to learn that he much preferred deciding on the layout in opposed to writing articles. It was also here that he discovered his love for hand-driven typography: â€Å"We were setting headlines with Letraset sheets donated by friendly design studios, and as they invariably had all the e s missing, it was easier to write that headline by hand than reconstructing the missing e. That s where my love for hand writing stems from.† (Stefan Sagmeister, ‘Answers: Being a Design Student’) This discovery led him away from his original path of education in engineering, and brought him to study graphic design Sagmeister studied at the University of Applied Arts Vienna, there he was introduced to Schauspielhaus theatre group. For them, he designed grungey posters, heavy on the anarchist graphics, with a theatrical twist. He later received a Fulbright scholarship - a highly competitive grant - to move his studies to the Pratt Institute of New York. By this point, his designs were moving awayShow MoreRelatedStefan Sagmeister : A Graphic Designer1188 Words   |  5 PagesStefan Sagmeister Intro Stefan Sagmeister was born August, 1962 in Austria. Sagmeister is primarily a graphic designer and typographer. He, along with the rest of his small studio Sagmeister Walsh Inc., create; corporate identities, websites, apps, commercials and dabble in film and books. He has deigned packaging and graphics for David Byrne, Lou Reed, Aerosmith, Rolling Stones and HBO Sagmeister started out in the world of graphic design at the young age of fifteen, when he worked for

Short Story - 1138 Words

Ciel stared at the dark haired woman, visible brow quirking up in disbelief. â€Å"Greek mythology? I’m not in the mood for frivolous stories at the moment.† Adela bristled, hair ends curling up in indignation. Her aurulent eyes glowed, the color become that of molten gold. Ciel shifted uncomfortably at the angered gaze and flare of power that curled thorough out the room. Ciel tried to meet her eyes but his head hurt to do so. Sebastian stepped up protectively from his side. â€Å"You really think that I, of all creatures, would play games with the lives of children?† Adela’s voice encompassed the room, raw energy present is every syllable that dropped from her lips. She was finding it increasingly harder and harder to contain her divinity. She†¦show more content†¦They are among the most beautiful of creatures and masters of seduction. The one you seek has a penchant for illusions of innocence.† Ciel listened intently to Adela, her words sinking into his mind. â€Å"As with all monsters, beauty comes with a price. Each creature must absorb power from some form or another. Your butler, for instance, takes his from the souls he consumes. From this, he is able to appear completely human to you. The more powerful the being, the more beautiful the vessel. Are you understanding so far?† Ciel nodded, briefly glancing to the grinning demon. â€Å"Yes, I believe I am. In order for a monster to be alluring, they must be powerful enough to draw in their prey.† â€Å"Exactly! I am impressed, Earl. Many centuries ago, the Gorgon sisters three held snake-like characteristics, but were still beautiful as is the nature of their creation, but those times were long before mortals had ever seen them. As their thirst and power grew, so did their illusions. But the way in which they had to feed made it easy, if one was not dazzled, for mortals of find them out. You can only kill so many humans in a single place before someone catches you in the act, no?† Ciel nodded, mind racing. So he was dealing with one of the three Gorgon sisters of Greek myth. He assumed from Adela’s information that the creatures had to murder humans in order to gain power, which made sense as to the recent disappearances. But he did not understand why the ‘Queen’ wasShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Harley Davidson - Study of Strategies Followed and Customers Earned

Question : Analyse the various customer segments for Harley Davidson: - 1. A comment on what you perceive their Value Proposition is for each segment 2. A comment on the buying behaviour for each segment 3. Recommendations for how to market and appeal to one of the segments identified in previous sections incorporating a pricing strategy, promotion strategy and a distribution strategy. Answer : Introduction Harley-Davidson Inc, also popularly known asH-DorHarley, is a very famous American Heavy Motorcycle manufacturer. The company was formed inMilwaukee, Wisconsinin early years of the first decade of the 20th century, it was among the big two motorcycle companies to survive the Great Depression faced by all the industries after World War 2, just because of its export links with the police and military (Indian was the second company to survive the Great Depression).The company also faced a period where they were having poor quality control and were under heavy competition from the Japanese Motorcycles. In 1901, a 20 year-old boyWilliam S. Harleystarted designing up his plans for a small engine with an overalldisplacementof 7.07 cubic inches (116cc) and four-inch (102mm)flywheels.The engine was to be used in a regular pedal-bicycle frame. For the next two years, Harley and his childhood friendArthur Davidsonworked day and night on theirmotor-bicyclein amachine shop on the North side of the Milwaukee, at one of their friends home, Henry Melk. The bike finally came out in 1903 with the final and a crucial help from Arthur's brother, Walter Davidson. The company came to existence in 1903 by William Harley, Walter and Arthur Davidson, and their first three motorcycles were manufactured in a shed in Milwaukee. Company launched its trademark bike in 1909; it was a 2 cylinder, v-twin engine, and was the fastest motorcycle of that time, with a maximum speed of 60 mph. Company got an instant popularity because of the power they introduced in their motorcycles, and because they introduced an altogether new class of motorcycles, but faced very stiff competitions in the later years. World War I was the period when there was a high demand for motorcycles manufactured in America overseas grew tremendously. Due to this, Harley Davidson became a leader in this segment in the 1920's with its innovative technologies like the introduction of the front brake and "teardrop" gas tanks. The company built its mystic presence in the period exceeding World War I, but faced a marked decline in the Great Depression after the World War II, but managed to survive due to the export links in the police and in the military. Harley Davidson became an icon company during the period of World War I and prospered in the period of World War II due to heavy export orders to the military. More than 90,000 units were manufactured for the military in this period which increased their production record to remarkable levels and earned them the coveted Army-Navy "E" award for excellence in war time production. When the war came to an end, the company switched over to recreational motorcycles than military motorcycles. Harley introduced many new modules; the K-model (1952), Sportster ("Superbike", 1957), and Duo-Glide (1958) motorcycles. By the mid-20th century Harley-Davidson became the last surviving major motorcycle manufacturer in the US. In 1969 American Machine and Foundry took over Harley-Davidson and put the company on sale in the late 1970's because of a gross reduction in sales. This was due to poor level of quality control in the Harley bikes as compared to Japanese counterpart. In 1981, 13 members of the original Harley-Davidson management team bought the company back from AMF in a leveraged buy-out, but faced an overall drop in the demand for motorcycles dramatically and the shares of the company in this market also continued to drop. In a step to help the declining the United States motorcycle industry in 1983, President Ronald Reagan incurred huge amount of taxes on large Japanese motorcycles from 4.4% to 49.4% but this was a temporary increase and was only effective for five years then there would be a regular decline annually. Management Strategy Harley was the biggest and the most popular American Motorcycle manufacturer during the period of the World War I and II, because of the high demand in overseas for the American built bikes and also because of the companys export and sales relationship with the military. But this position of the company in the market was not for very long, and it faces a marked decline in 1970s after the company was taken over by AMF and then was sold back to the previous management in a leveraged buyout. The new owners of the company soon realized that in order to gain the previous prestige, they have to look in deeply for what actually went wrong which caused the problem, in the process they formed an internal committee to investigate the causes for the decline faced and came up with the following key points responsible for the poor performance of Harley in the past few years: Managements focus was mainly on short term goals. Management was not giving the credit or recognizing the hard work of its employees. Belief in short fixes for complex problems. Market fluctuations were not predictable because of the high break even points set by the company. Company was unaware and not bothered about foreign competitors because of it cant happen here syndrome. Like any other process in life and market, recognizing the problem is only half the battle won, the key to success was to ensure the effective and fast solution to the problems recognized. The first goal to achieve for the management was to attain a strong relationship with the employees, as a strong relationship with employees will help in the companys advancement towards success with a firm base. The following conversation between a machinist and the Vice President of the power train plant at Harley is a good example of this to understand; "You are new here, aren't you?" asked the machinist. "Let me buy you a cup of coffee!" this one gesture was enough for the new VP to understand the importance of strong relationships in the company. Harleys new management soon realized that in order to become a strong organization and to regain their original position they need to be in an always improving themselves situation. This was only possible with the help of the companys strong relationships with its employees. The strong relation will help the company to stand firm in the market even at the time of crisis. Everyone in the company must understand the importance of inter-personal communication between all levels and with proper gestures. But in order to bring the lower level employees up to the same level they need to understand the companys policy in detail to be confident on what they are working for. Marketing Strategy American customer base was undergoing a change in desires, now the market was more customer specific that product specific. Due to this reason, company switched from fixed product line to customizable product line, based on the survey conducted across the nation between prospective customers. The real power of the Harley Davidson motorcycle is the image associated with it, the image of class, strength, freedom, adventure. The bike truly depicts the pioneering and adventurous spirit of an American. The Harleys symbol comprises of the flag and the eagle, depicting the amount of freedom enjoyed by a Harley rider on his bike. It is very difficult to describe an average Harley buyer, as they range from a Blue Collared worker to someone very affluent, who just wants to fulfil their dream and fantasies on their own Harley. The company advertised the spirit of freedom and the fantasies associated in comparison to the competitors advertisement of technology. When a customer buys a Harley motorcycle, he gets a free one year membership to the Harleys Owner Group (HOG), which is the biggest bikers enthusiast group in the world. It conducts various activities across the country and worldwide for bringing the Harley owners together. This group makes the company connect directly to the customers and understand their experiences with their Harley. This is very necessary as the customers are the base of any company. Company also tries to promote itself from the various HOG activities conducted, where bikers from round the world meet and share their own experiences with each other. Harley-Davidson has a huge and strong dealer network. Around 1,065 dealers worldwide sell the Harleys products. The company owns 54 percent of the market share in the USA, 16 percent in Japan, 10 percent in Europe, and 38 percent in Australia. The company can increase its share in the foreign countries but is bound by the agreement with the US customers not to sell more than 30% of the bikes to other countries if the domestic demand is not met with. Harley has developed a very effective marketing strategy, but it is the responsibility of manufacturing to produce high quality and reliable motorcycles. Manufacturing Strategy Harley's imbibed the continuous flow process and proved wrong the most prevalent notion that "continuous improvement in quality and productivity was an attractive concept but likely to be uneconomical". Switching from a batch process to a continuous flow process is not an easy task to accomplish. However, Just-in-time inventory, Employee Involvement, and Statistical Operator control could be combined to make it possible as in the case of Harley. Harley-Davidson's new approach proved itself of worth when the productivity levels rose to record levels. Good relationships, continuous improvement, employee and management involvement, team building are the concepts adopted by Harleys management and other techniques and built a solid base between the management and the employees, and made it possible for Harley-Davidson to improve its management processes. Demographics Through the various strategies and investment made by Harley-Davidson, it has been building its appeal and prestige across generations, cultures and borders. Internationally, 118 new dealer points have been added since 2009 and in 2013, 35.9% of motorcycles were shipped to international markets. In America, Harley-Davidson is having a more diverse customer pool, even more grown than its traditional customer base. In 2013, U.S. retail sales of new Harley-Davidson motorcycles to our "outreach" customers -- young adults 18-34, women, African-Americans and Hispanics grew overall at more than twice the rate of sales to "core" customers -- Caucasian men, ages 35-plus. For the sixth straight year in 2013, we were the number-one seller of new on-road motorcycles (all cc's) to each of these segments. Harley Davidson has built its image in all the segments of the American public, and one of the main reason of success is the companys focus on various customer segments. The company has divided the public in some broad segments, and focus its product line keeping them in mind and priority. The main segments divided are: Young Adults Women Afro-Americans Hispanics Men 35+ Young Adults Company is building its image very swiftly in the young adults segment, as they are the young blood, want to enjoy their freedom and go on adventurous. They want to win the world by themselves, exactly what is portrayed by the company through its motor cycles. The spirit of freedom and adventure is truly met in this segment. These customers always want something new, for them uniqueness is the key, and he company understand this very well, and is always ready to cater all the needs of their customer. Whether it is about custom built engine or totally new model for someone, or exclusive merchandise for the bike, company is ready to cater all the demands of this sections. Women In the last few years company has witnessed a marked increase in the women segment. Women are now buying these heavy and power packed bikes more to show their inner strength and also to reveal their tough and adventurous nature. They want to show the world that they are not lacking behind to men in any way. Company understands this and build modified bikes to serve the purpose. Women are also the customers of the premium segment of 601cc+ Afro Americans They have always remained an integral part of the American community; they have brought a mix of life in the nation and brought the cool dude attitude, so the company also brought them with some classic aviator bikes to match their style. Most of the customers of this segment are of the age 35+ Men 35+ The main customer base of the company is of the age 35+, people who are mature enough and grown-ups have attained some position in life and now want something to live their dreams and fulfil their fantasies. These bikes provide them with this only, they have got the power and the freedom to be adventurous whenever needed. Financial services Eagelmark Financial Services is a majority-owned subsidiary, providing private label financial services programs, including Harley-Davidson Credit, which is the largest division of Eagelmark. It provides wholesale financing and also the insurance programs, including the bikes floor-planning, parts and accessories trade acceptance. It also deals in commercial insurance and providing brokerage to Harley-Davidson's US dealer network. It also provides an added attraction i.e. the Private Harley Card, an exclusive credit card to be used in Harley-Davidson dealerships. In addition, Harley-Davidson brings out offers for its domestic dealers very often, like once in a quarter discounts or even 120 day delay in the billing terms are given especially through Eagelmark so as to carry enough parts as well as accessories inventories, also to counteract the seasonality of the parts and accessories business. Conclusion Recommendations Harley Davidson, the biggest and the most popular American motorcycle brand, founded in 1903 has come so far, facing all kind of odds and challenges, just because of the continuous efforts put in by the company to withstand the strong forces that were trying to uproot them from the market. Harley never compromised from its quality and that is the result of its continuous growth. With a strong and efficient network of export and sales in military, the company also survived the great depression exceeding World War II. Harley beats his Japanese competition from its solid quality. Harley as a brand signifies the true spirit of the American culture, the emblem of the company consists of the flag and the eagle, showing the level of freedom and independence enjoyed by the American nationals, and the same freedom will be experienced by the Harleys owners. It is a machine which lets a person fulfil all his dream and desires. It brings out the true adventurous nature of its rider. The company focuses on the quality rather than on the price, and that is the fact it is in popular demand even after a high price tag. The owner of a Harley can be anyone, if he has that spirit in him. Most of the owners are from affluent families or famous personalities, giving the brand a royal ambience. Harleys owners are made to feel that they are the part of this big family by regular activities conducted by the company. Harley has specifically focussed on all the prospective segments of the public, and has designed their motor cycles keeping them in mind to increase their sales, and this strategy worked really very well. Harley today has a presence in many of the countries which are the fastest growing markets, and can increase their sales in overseas but bounded by the contract to US public for not selling more than 30% of the total production to non-domestic public, showing a gratitude to those who have kept them alive and have stood with them in all thick and thin. Customers of the company are very loyal, because they love their Harley, it is a part of their life, they dont consider it to be a machine, and it just becomes an integral part of their life, like an organ of their body without which they cant live truly. References Schouten, John W., Mc Alexander James H. (1993). Market Impact of a Consumption Subculture: The Harley-Davidson Mystique. European Advances in Consumer Research, Association for Consumer Research. Vol-1. pp. - 389-393. Dads Vintage Ads. [online] Available at: https://www.dadsvintageads.com/catalog.php/dadsvintageads/dt50463/Harley_Davidson [Accessed 17th Dec 2015] Scotty Moore the Official Website. [online] Available at: https://www.scottymoore.net/elvisharley56kh.html [Accessed 17th Dec 2015] The Best Motorcycle Poster. [online] Available at: https://www.best-motorcycle.com/posters/james-dean-marilyn-monroe.shtm [Accessed 17th Dec 2015] The vintagent (2009). The Worlds #1 Vintage Motorcycle Site. [online] Available at:https://thevintagent.blogspot.com/2009/02/anka-eve-goldmann.html [Accessed 17th Dec 2015] The Early (2008). Harley-Davidson Motorcycles, 1905 to 2008. [online] Available at: https://harley-davidson.oldcarandtruckpictures.com/ [Accessed 17th Dec 2015] Morris, C. Craig (2009). U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration. [online] Available at: https://www.bts.gov/publications/bts_special_report/2009_05_14/pdf/entire.pdf[Accessed 17th Dec 2015] Harley-Davidson (2001-2010). Lets Ride. [online] Available at: https://www.harley-davidson.com/wcm/content/pages/women_riders/landing.jsp [Accessed 17th Dec 2015] Hari Prakash. N.V. Harley-Davidson. Inc. Strategic Management Case Analysis. [online] Available at: https://www.docstoc.com/docs/7066646/Harley-Davidson-Strategic-Management-Changed-New/ [Accessed 17th Dec 2015] Hot Bike. Women Riders-Harley-Davidson sponsors Womens Bike Month. [online] Available at: https://blogs.hotbikeweb.com/6589916/editorials/women-riders/index.html [Accessed 17th Dec 2015] Mark Melief, Tycen Bundgaard, Jordan Hathaway (2006). Strategic Report for Harley-Davidson. [online] Available at -https://www.economics.pomona.edu/jlikens/SeniorSeminars/pandora/reports/harley.pdf [Accessed 17th Dec 2015] Krauss, Clifford (2007). Harley Woos Female Bikers. [online] Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/25/business/25biker.html [Accessed 17th Dec 2015] Bikes Babes, Bling. Women Riders. [online] Available at: https://www.bikesbabesandbling.com [Accessed 17th Dec 2015] Form of Transition Agreement (6 March, 2006). Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. File No. 1-9183. Deferred Compensation Plan (31 December, 2000). Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K. File No. 1-9183. Ms. Lione, Messrs. Hutchinson, Mc Caslin Ziemer (31 December, 1993). Form of Life Insurance Agreement. Annual Report on Form 10-K. File No. 1-9183. Harley-Davidson (28 March, 2004). Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. File No. 1-9183. Ms. Bischmann and Ms. Lione and each of Messrs. Form of Severance Benefits Agreement. Eberle, Flickinger, Hutchinson, McCaslin, Sutton and Ziemer (incorporated herein by reference to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1996 (File No. 1-9183)) Form of Severance Benefits Agreement (6 March, 2006). Between the Registrant and Mr. Bergmann. incorporated herein by reference to Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. File No. 1- 9183. Form of Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan Agreement (31 March 1996). Between the Registrant and each of Messrs. McCaslin and Zieme. Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. File No. 1-9183. Harley-Davidson Pension Benefit Restoration Plan (31 March 31, 1996). Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q File No. 1-9183. Harley-Davidson (1998). Non-Exempt Employee Stock Option Plan Registrants Registration Statement. On Form S-8. File No. 333-75347. York Hourly-Paid Employees Stock Option Plan. (2001). incorporated herein by reference to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K. File No. 1-9183. Director Compensation Policy effective (29 April, 2006). Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed. File No. 1-9183. Deferred Compensation Plan for Nonemployee Directors initially effective (May 3, 2003). Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. File No. 1-9183. Harley-Davidson (2004). Incentive Stock Plan as amended through. incorporated herein by reference to the Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. File No. 1-9183. Form of Notice of Grant of Stock Options and Option Agreement of Harley-Davidson (1995). Stock Option Plan and the Harley-Davidson (2004). Incentive Stock Plan incorporated herein by reference to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K. File No. 1-9183. Harley-Davidson. Form of Notice of Special Grant of Stock Options and Option Agreement of Harley-Davidson, Inc under the Harley-Davidson Inc. Stock Option Plan and the Harley-Davidson (2004). Incentive Stock Plan. incorporated herein by reference to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K.File No. 1-9183 Harley- Davidson (2004). Award of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Agreement of Harley-Davidson. Incentive Stock Plan incorporated herein to the Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. File No. 1-9183 Harley-Davidson (2004). Form of Notice of Special Award of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Agreement of under the Harley- Davidson, Incentive Stock Plan. Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. File No. 1-9183. Harley-Davidson (2005). Employee Short-Term Incentive Plan. incorporated herein by reference to the Registrants Form 10-Q. File No. 1-9183. Form of Transition Agreement (2007). Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. File No. 1-9183. Form of Severance Benefits Agreement (2007). Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. File No. 1-9183.

The British Press Essay Research Paper It free essay sample

The British Press Essay, Research Paper It is no secret that the # 8216 ; tabloid # 8217 ; or # 8216 ; popular # 8217 ; imperativeness has been capable to unfavorable judgment for many old ages, and the grounds for it are made far move obvious when it is compared to the circular imperativeness. It is, nevertheless, merely rather late that the division has become so really clear as it is today # 8211 ; and there are few people in the UK who are incognizant of the circular / tabloid division. But, what one may inquire, are the differences between the two, and so, why do they be? The easier reply to the latter is that the divisions in the two types of imperativeness reflects a division in society of certain groups of people clamoring after different intelligence and alternate ways of showing this intelligence. It is in about every facet of the documents that the incongruousnesss are apparent # 8211 ; the subjects covered, the linguistic communication used, the artworks, picture taking and layout and the framings of diff erent narratives. We will write a custom essay sample on The British Press Essay Research Paper It or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This essay will try to sketch the stalking-horse for the type of coverage which has now become typical of the yellow journalism newspapers and illustrations of this coverage. In making so, a consideration of why it is so capable to debate and unfavorable judgment should emerge. In my ain sentiment, I think that we can non claim to cognize or understand the grounds for the contrast, and it will of all time stay equivocal as to why the divisions have become clear # 8211 ; although many bookmans have put frontward statements. However, it seems more simple to propose grounds for the self-evident unfavorable judgments which today environment journalists and moguls who have helped to make the civilization of # 8216 ; documentary # 8217 ; , # 8216 ; chequebook news media # 8217 ; and sensationalism. Possibly the censures have grown from the popular imperativeness # 8217 ; deficiency of earnestness, the lack of impersonal, thorough and pointful coverage of what are deemed # 8216 ; of import # 8217 ; issues. Often, tabloid imperativeness coverage can, by its skip of facts and scandalmongering coverage, be misdirecting to the reader # 8211 ; a factor which seems to justify unfavorable judgment. This was apparent in the Sun # 8217 ; s coverage of the 20 April 1999 events in Serbia when a civilian convoy was gunned down by Nato troops # 8211 ; this is a fact and was admitted by Nato before the publication of the article: SERB MONSTERS SHOT REFUGEES THEN BLAMED US # 8220 ; A Nato commanding officer insisted yesterday that Serbs slaughtered Kosovan refugees in a convoy slaughter blamed on the Alliance # 8230 ; The officer said that the grounds proved that Yugoslav tyrant Slobodan Milosevic LIED about the slaughter # 8230 ; # 8221 ; From the headline, the reader automatically would presume, holding possibly heard or read the old twenty-four hours # 8217 ; s intelligence, and after five yearss of Nato # 8217 ; s denials, that it had been confirmed that the convoys were so attacked chiefly by Serbian military personnels. Whereas a sub-headline on the front page of the Daily Telegraph of the same twenty-four hours confirms the NATO admittance # 8220 ; We hit both convoys # 8221 ; . This clearly and unambiguously gives the facts in one headline whereas one has to read and level the article The Sun # 8217 ; s political editor Trevor Kavanagh nowadayss. The Sun # 8217 ; s piece could easy be criticised as a signifier of unadulterated propaga nda. The existent release of the admittance from General Leaf came at three O # 8217 ; clock on the 19th April, and as the Daily Telegraph studies, he reported to a imperativeness conference the inside informations of the error, wherein NATO confirmed the two air foraies on two separate convoys, believed by the pilots to be military marks. This illustration shows in one article how the tabloid imperativeness can be manipulative, # 8216 ; loyal # 8217 ; , racialist and misleading, which are so common facets of # 8220 ; trough imperativeness # 8221 ; describing. Possibly the layout of the newspapers categorised as # 8216 ; popular # 8217 ; is what typifies them more than any other factor. Due to the fact that the popular imperativeness label encompasses documents from the Daily Sport to the Express, content, although frequently similar, can non be a specific pigeon-holer. The tabloid imperativeness has predictable content. Equally good as intelligence points of the twenty-four hours # 8211 ; the large political word of the twenty-four hours ( e.g. an update on the London Mayor state of affairs ) , catastrophes ( e.g. the 1984 Ethiopian dearth ) newsworthy famous person events ( e.g. the decease of Princess Diana ) and the twenty-four hours # 8217 ; s athleticss intelligence # 8211 ; the tabloid imperativeness more frequently than non has a large piece ( s ) refering what have become bantering stereotypes: sex, force, public figures in compromising places or simply traveling about their mundane lives, and frequently a paper # 8216 ; run # 8217 ; . Often these subjects take case in point, or are given as much importance as, for illustration, the Mozambique inundations or a stock market clang, if these points have no peculiar # 8217 ; esthesis # 8217 ; value. Take for illustration, The Sun # 8217 ; s front page of April 4th 2000 ( see fond regards ) . On a twenty-four hours when the circulars and the telecasting intelligence were concentrating on Ken Livingstone # 8217 ; s contention over the enquiry into interrupting company jurisprudence and its impact on his function as London Mayor and the other large narrative, the computing machine giant Microsoft being taken to tribunal, its portions falling massively and the eventful impact on today # 8217 ; s 1000000s of Personal computer users, the Sun # 8217 ; s front page shouted # 8220 ; OWN A DONOR # 8221 ; . Far from being an empathic piece on the 100s of people who are saved by organ contribution, or a concentration on the waiting list, the article was concerned chiefly with being proud of its paper # 8230 ; # 8220 ; Today The Sun makes newspaper history with the launch of a groundbreaking wellness run # 8221 ; . This forcing of the documents corporate individuality and its # 8217 ; services to society # 8217 ; is a common trait of yellow journalisms. Very on a regular basis the tabloid imperativeness bend of import issues into commercial ventures and # 8216 ; blow th eir ain huntsmans horns # 8217 ; . The other front page narrative was headlined # 8220 ; SEX CHAIN SNAPS UP KNICKERBOX # 8221 ; and typically added a full length image of a theoretical account in her underwear # 8211 ; an attending grabber, granted, but is the narrative one which warrants taking case in point over of import political intelligence? So, why do the yellow journalisms sell every bit much as they do # 8211 ; The Sun is Britain # 8217 ; s biggest selling newspaper with a readership of over 10 million ; yet it still is bombarded with unfavorable judgment. Possibly those who criticise the # 8220 ; trough imperativeness # 8221 ; are simply unimpressed with the content # 8211 ; but many people clearly are impressed! Yellow journalisms frequently use sexual elements or confidant and # 8216 ; gory # 8217 ; inside informations to do a narrative more interesting to a reader. Having witnessed a displacement in the accents of the yellow journalisms, the readerships have come to anticipate and desire more narratives which are viewed as being scandalmongering. By their usage of such item and # 8216 ; punchy # 8217 ; linguistic communication, the empathy and echt human-interest of frequently shocking narratives of offense and force is lost. Soothhill and Walby1 studied the copiousness and structural coverage of # 8217 ; sex offense in the intelligence # 8217 ; and one of their chief points is that the fact that although # 8220 ; there is a complicated relationship between what is printed in the newspapers and what people come to believe # 8221 ; and that people do non # 8220 ; passively and uncritically absorb all that they read # 8221 ; , the coverage of sex offenses does hold a denudation on what people believe and AIDSs in misconception and sensationalism as respects serious issues. # 8220 ; # 8230 ; the nature of describing obscures the existent nature of sexual force: it underestimates the extent of these offenses, and studies on unusua l instances, for case those in which the raper is a alien and consecutive rapers # 8221 ; ( pp. 157 ) The 24 January 2000 issue of The Mirror reports a narrative headlined # 8220 ; RAID VICTIM ELAYNE, 26, DROPS DEAD OF SHOCK # 8221 ; . The narrative concerns the decease of a adult female after detecting her place had been broken into. This is evidently a deplorable incident, but the author ( Ian Key ) uses linguistic communication such as # 8220 ; she merely collapsed on the floor # 8221 ; and quotes a friend of the asleep stating # 8220 ; I wish they had got in because I would hold had a spell at screening them out! # 8221 ; ; these illustrations are mere cases of the authors insensitiveness towards the predicament of the victim and her relations. The writer seems to # 8216 ; hang-up in # 8217 ; the fact that the stealer did non even enter the house and so the daze was non so great as to justify a decease, but he doesn # 8217 ; t make this in the sense of # 8216 ; what a gratuitous decease # 8217 ; , the mentions are about jeeringly dry. The media industry is one of the largest and fastest turning industries in the universe. A monolithic proportion of Britain # 8217 ; s population ain and watch a telecasting a regular footing. With the # 8216 ; globalisation # 8217 ; of telecasting and the huge array of channels, intelligence and amusement are merely the imperativeness of a bu tton off for most people. With entree to the intelligence ever at their fingertips, are people get downing to trust on the popular imperativeness for something different or more than merely ‘news’ ? Has the popular imperativeness developed its scandalmongering paparazzi attitudes because there is a public desire for it? It is human nature to ‘gossip’ and possibly that is what the yellow journalism provides. The undermentioned quotation mark was taken from a web site bulletin board devoted to commentary on the tabloid imperativeness from ordinary people: â€Å"The truth is that the tabloid imperativeness is a merchandise of our society. But non a inactive 1. It is a consumable that consumes our basest frights and twists them for its circulation ( all in the public involvement, of class ) . The tabloid imperativeness is the asshole progeny of Britain’s lowest nature and it finds plenty to feed on in our [ the populace s ] crazy fears.†2 This sentiment and many similar to it are based on subjects which are progressively noticeable in the yellow journalisms # 8211 ; they include xenophobia, agism, sexism and classism. This is non to state that the circular imperativeness do non hold elements of prejudice # 8211 ; there are few documents that take no political stance nevertheless subtle. Peter Leigh has picked up upon the favoritism that documents such as The Sun and The Star push as being in the national involvement. This is peculiarly the instance as respects athletics and national squads. The 30 March 2000 issue of The Sun covered a narrative about the U-21 European Football Championship Finals, affecting Yugoslavia and England. The headline ( see attached ) reads # 8220 ; WILKO KIDS TAME THE YUGO THUGS # 8221 ; # 8211 ; the piece refers to the racial maltreatment of Emile Heskey, an England participant. The journalist ( Brian Woolnough ) begins his article with this lead: # 8220 ; Emile Heskey got a gustatory sensation of things to come when he was punched, kicked and spat at by a clump of dirty Yugoslavs # 8221 ; There is an obvious component of racism in the article which is apparent from this quotation mark, but what is uneven and inconsistent is that the journalist goes on to claim that # 8220 ; Heskey [ who is black ] , 22, was the participant targeted for particular intervention from Yugoslavia # 8211 ; and FA functionaries even had to step in to hold the gross outing racial maltreatment and monkey noises hurled at him by opposing fans # 8221 ; . When writers in the yellow journalisms are so clearly hypocritical when utilizing phrases like # 8220 ; dirty Yugoslavians # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; Yugo thugs # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; the abominable Milan Obradonic # 8221 ; yet shouting the cause of racism for English people ( or English participants ) , how can they avoid unfavorable judgment? With this sort of attitude put frontward by a paper that has over 10 million readers, is it any admiration that football # 8216 ; fans # 8217 ; are encouraged to contend and be misguidely # 8216 ; loyal # 8217 ; . Tabloids actively encouraged the # 8216 ; Hun-bashing # 8217 ; attitude of the England frights during the 1998 World Cup # 8211 ; is this what society truly needs? The image of adult females in the yellow journalisms is besides a bone of contention, and has been for the past three decennaries. The typical image of a adult females in a yellow journalism is # 8216 ; curvy # 8217 ; , slim, reasonably and immature, and more frequently than non semi-nude. # 8220 ; Page 3 # 8243 ; began in the seventiess with # 8220 ; a # 8216 ; half-dressed Swedish smoothie # 8217 ; every bit good as a intelligence narrative about a adult male described as a # 8216 ; walking lust automat # 8217 ; # 8221 ; 3 ( Williams, p. 221 ) . These presentations of an ideal adult females is extremely criticised by feminist observers who argue that the yellow journalisms are perpetuating this thought of a perfect adult females, which has such a broad stretch influence that ordinary adult females are expected, and therefore to, look the same. Another unfavorable judgment which has gained impulse in recent old ages is the increasing chase of famous person intelligence. Th e decease of Princess Diana is the one event which ricocheted throughout the universe. The unfavorable judgment that the paparazzi # 8220 ; hounded the Princess to decease # 8221 ; is one held up by many critics and has led to calls for rigorous imperativeness ordinance. The administration CATT4 have web sites which claim that # 8220 ; the attitude of most people is that because person is in the public oculus, they should anticipate to hold their lives put under a microscope # 8230 ; freedom of address and the freedom of the imperativeness [ should non ] invade person # 8217 ; s privateness in the pattern of these two rights # 8221 ; CATT claim that they are non # 8220 ; merely contending the paparazzi, but the whole yellow journalism imperium # 8221 ; . It is true that the yellow journalisms do perpetuate the invasion of privateness attributed to the paparazzi. The populace, harmonizing to CATT, are the lone people with the # 8220 ; power to halt it # 8221 ; . In Newspape rs and the Press5, Curran attempts to depict what has shaped and influenced the imperativeness as it stands today. Harmonizing to Curran in a broad society like Britain, the imperativeness is # 8220 ; an independent establishment that empowers the people # 8221 ; and it became so through these stairss: the bureau of the province, the adjuntiveness of the political parties and the monolithic and alone rise of commercialization. In response the imperativeness, and peculiarly the yellow journalisms became market led merchandises run by pragmatists. At least, this is the theory # 8211 ; that the content of the imperativeness is audience led, but this is so a questionable theory # 8211 ; so how much call is at that place for a front page life-size exposure of Elton John with his face in Elizabeth Hurley # 8217 ; s thorax ( The Sun, Thursday 30 March 2000 ) . Curran claims that media professionals are non in touch with what their audiences really want, but have, and have put into pat tern strong positions what their readerships need. Gans6 argues that the intelligence and media administrations are one of the most powerful characteristics of today # 8217 ; s society, Curran quotes him, # 8220 ; while large concern corporations are # 8216 ; nominal directors # 8217 ; , intelligence administrations and journalists are the existent 1s # 8221 ; . But although the extended hierarchies of intelligence administrations ( The Mirror Group, IPC, Reuters etc. ) have become really powerful, there are still strong elements of single liberty in the tabloid imperativeness. On peculiar narratives, journalists are seldom given a specific line to take ( with the exclusion of intrinsic lines # 8211 ; a Guardian newsman could non practicably take a fascist line ) and are seldom told to hide any information on their narrative. Gans # 8217 ; brushing statements have their defects # 8211 ; journalists are on a tighter rein than they really imagine frequently ; they may be sub e mended or unpublished so it is apparent that the hierarchal substructures of the media administrations are the accountants of what we read. Is this just though? Should monolithic concern corporations be in charge of what the people of Britain read, or should at that place be right executions and steps to guarantee that the populace are presented with what they want to be? A strand of the media hypothesis # 8216 ; broad optimism # 8217 ; claims that the imperativeness is brooding of # 8220 ; the cultural values of a socially harmonious society # 8221 ; and the premises and premises in the imperativeness are framed by the common civilization of society. What Curran call the broad synthesis is that the # 8220 ; News media can be seen as being shaped by consumer demand, the professional concerns of media workers, pluralistic beginning webs, and the corporate values of society # 8221 ; . This seems somewhat optimistic as there are few processs which show what the readership really want. In decision, it # 8217 ; s clear that tabloid newspaper do warrant unfavorable judgment. But what is besides clear is that the success of the yellow journalisms is dependent on the amusement value they provide to the public # 8211 ; and this is why they are so successful. The esthesis and excitement people find in the yellow journalisms and the chitchat they include is a formula for success in what seems like a society hungering for more and more information. It seems that because in today # 8217 ; s extremely advanced ( technologically ) society, we have every bit much information available as is conceivable, and so to stay profitable, documents ( peculiarly yellow journalisms ) have to happen different information to show. It seems like the yellow journalisms have developed an enviable format nevertheless, because documents like the Guardian and The Times have taken on a far more # 8216 ; tabloid # 8217 ; visual aspect than they of all time had before, with coloring material a nd panels demoing the high spots of the documents contents inside # 8211 ; Williams calls this # 8220 ; bright and breezy # 8211 ; easy on the oculus # 8221 ; 7. This is a turning theoretical account known as # 8216 ; tabloidisation # 8217 ; . The inquiry still remains about how far the yellow journalisms should travel in the chase and presentation of this information, but it is clear that although there are many critics, there are more protagonists.